HelloMondo / Mongolia
Discover the beauty of Mongolia, from its stunning landscapes to its rich cultural heritage. Experience the adventure of a lifetime.
We suggest to plan a 4 days trip to Mongolia
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Spanning vast plains and rugged landscapes, Mongolia is a fusion of ancient traditions and burgeoning modernity. Situated between Russia and China, this landlocked nation retains the spirit of its nomadic past while embracing its future. From the vastness of the Gobi Desert to the busy streets of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia offers an unmatched blend of experiences, preserving millennia of history even as it rapidly evolves in the 21st century.
Consider visiting during the Naadam Festival in July to immerse yourself in traditional Mongolian sports and culture.
For a genuine Mongolian experience, opt to stay in a traditional “ger” tent, gaining insight into the country’s nomadic heritage.
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| Capital | Ulaanbaatar |
| Time in Mongolia | GMT +8 |
| Language spoken | Mongolian |
| Population | 3.3 million (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion | Buddhism (53%) Shamanism (2.9%) Christianity (2.2%) Islam (3%) Others (0.4%) Non-religious (38.6%) |
| Currency | Tögrög (₮, MNT) |
| Airports | Chinggis Khaan International Airport New Ulaanbaatar International Airport |
Mongolia, often referred to as the “Land of the Eternal Blue Sky”, is a realm that juxtaposes time. The vast landscapes, which stretch endlessly from the rugged Altai Mountains to the whispering sands of the Gobi Desert, tell tales of empires, nomads, and warriors. Historically significant, this landlocked country was once the epicenter of the Mongol Empire under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the world’s largest contiguous empire by land area. With a rich tapestry of history spanning thousands of years, Mongolia has witnessed the rise and fall of civilizations, each leaving its indelible mark on the culture, architecture, and spirit of its people. Today, despite modern influences, Mongolia remains deeply rooted in its nomadic traditions. Herders move with the seasons, pitching their iconic “gers” (yurts) in the vast steppes, while in the bustling capital city of Ulaanbaatar, modern skyscrapers juxtapose Buddhist monasteries. The country’s unique blend of ancient customs and contemporary evolution offers travelers an immersive experience into a world where time seems to flow differently, inviting them to discover the timeless beauty, resilience, and rich history of Mongolia.
Mongolia is a landlocked nation in East and Central Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east, and west. It lies between the Siberian taiga and the Gobi Desert.
Mongolia is renowned for its vast steppes, nomadic heritage, the Gobi Desert, and its historical significance as the heartland of the Mongol Empire led by Genghis Khan.
The history of Mongolia dates back to ancient times. The area that is now Mongolia has been inhabited by various nomadic tribes for thousands of years. The first recorded history of Mongolia begins with the establishment of the Mongol Empire in 1206 by Genghis Khan. Under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his successors, the Mongol Empire became the largest empire in history, stretching from Europe to Asia.
The Mongol Empire was a vast empire that ruled over much of Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. During this period, the Mongols established a centralized government and implemented various reforms. The empire promoted trade and cultural exchange between different regions and played a significant role in the spread of ideas, technologies, and goods.
After the decline of the Mongol Empire, Mongolia was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, which was established by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. However, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty in 1368, and Mongolia became divided into several different entities. The Northern Yuan, a Mongol khanate, ruled over Mongolia until 1634.
In the 17th century, Mongolia came under the control of the Qing Dynasty of China. The Qing Dynasty exerted its influence over Mongolia, but allowed the region a certain level of autonomy. During this period, Mongolia experienced both political and cultural changes. Mongolian Buddhism, which had already been established during the time of the Mongol Empire, flourished under Qing rule.
In 1911, Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing Dynasty following the Xinhai Revolution in China. However, political instability and conflicts with neighboring nations soon followed. In 1921, the Mongolian People’s Party, with the support of the Soviet Union, overthrew the existing government and established the Mongolian People’s Republic.
Under the rule of the Mongolian People’s Party, Mongolia underwent significant political, social, and economic changes. The country adopted a socialist system and aligned itself with the Soviet Union. Mongolia experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization during this period, with a focus on heavy industry and collectivized agriculture.
In 1990, Mongolia transitioned to a multi-party democratic system following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The country adopted a new constitution and began implementing market-oriented reforms. Mongolia has since made progress in areas such as political stability, economic development, and human rights.
Mongolia is a country rich in natural beauty and cultural heritage. Here are some of the top attractions and activities to experience in Mongolia:
Mongolia hosts various cultural and traditional events throughout the year. Here are some notable events:
The best time to visit Mongolia is during the summer months of June to August. During this time, the weather is mild and pleasant, and the countryside is lush and green. This is also the time when events like the Naadam Festival take place, providing visitors with a unique cultural experience.
Mongolia is definitely worth visiting for those seeking adventure, stunning natural landscapes, and a glimpse into the nomadic way of life. The country offers vast and untouched wilderness, from the iconic Gobi Desert to the picturesque mountains and grasslands. Visitors can experience horseback riding, trekking, eagle hunting, and immerse themselves in the rich cultural heritage of Mongolia. However, it’s important to note that Mongolia is a remote and rugged destination with limited infrastructure, which may not be suited for all travelers. Additionally, some areas may have challenging weather conditions and a lack of modern amenities. Overall, if you are an adventurous traveler looking for a unique and off-the-beaten-path experience, Mongolia is definitely worth considering.
1. Gobi Desert: Explore the vast and awe-inspiring landscapes of the Gobi Desert, home to rare wildlife and stunning sand dunes.
2. Khuvsgul Lake: Discover the beauty of Mongolia’s “Blue Pearl,” a crystal-clear freshwater lake surrounded by lush forests and mountains.
3. Terelj National Park: Immerse yourself in the stunning beauty of the Mongolian countryside, with its rolling hills, rock formations, and nomadic herder communities.
4. Erdene Zuu Monastery: Visit the oldest Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, located in the ancient capital city of Kharkhorin.
5. Orkhon Valley: Explore the UNESCO World Heritage site of Orkhon Valley, known for its ancient ruins, waterfalls, and nomadic culture.
6. Bayanzag Flaming Cliffs: Witness the flaming red sandstone cliffs, which are rich in dinosaur fossils and offer a surreal landscape.
7. Amarbayasgalant Monastery: Discover the architectural splendor of Amarbayasgalant Monastery, one of the most beautiful monasteries in Mongolia.
8. Altai Tavan Bogd National Park: Trek through the stunning landscapes of Altai Tavan Bogd National Park, home to snow-capped peaks and ancient petroglyphs.
9. Hustai National Park: Get up close to the wild Przewalski’s horses and other endangered species in Hustai National Park.
10. Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur National Park: Explore the volcanic landscapes, stunning lakes, and diverse flora and fauna in this national park.
1. Summer (June to August): The summer months offer pleasant weather, with warm temperatures and longer daylight hours. It is an ideal time for outdoor activities like hiking, horseback riding, and camping. The Naadam Festival, Mongolia’s largest traditional festival, takes place in July.
2. Autumn (September to October): Autumn is characterized by cooler temperatures and the changing colors of the Mongolian landscapes. It is a great time for photography enthusiasts and those who enjoy trekking.
3. Winter (November to February): Winters in Mongolia are extremely cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing. However, it is a fantastic time to experience the unique beauty of Mongolia’s winter landscapes, indulge in winter sports like skiing and dog sledding, and witness the annual Eagle Hunting Festival in the western region.
4. Spring (March to May): Spring brings milder temperatures and the rejuvenation of the Mongolian nature. It is an excellent time for bird watching, witnessing the birth of Mongolian livestock, and participating in the Ice Festival on Lake Khovsgol.
Overall, the best time to visit Mongolia depends on your preferences and the activities you wish to partake in. It is advisable to check the weather conditions and plan accordingly.
1. Khorkhog: This iconic Mongolian dish consists of meat (usually lamb or goat) cooked in a metal pot with hot stones. The stones heat the meat, resulting in a delicious and tender dish.
2. Buuz: Buuz are Mongolian dumplings filled with minced meat (usually beef or mutton) mixed with onions and spices. They are steamed and often enjoyed with a side of soy sauce or hot chili sauce.
3. Khuushuur: Khuushuur is a deep-fried pastry filled with minced meat (often mutton or beef), onions, and spices. It is a popular street food staple in Mongolia.
4. Bansh: Bansh is a type of Mongolian dumpling that is boiled or steamed. It is typically filled with minced meat and served with a sauce made from soy sauce, vinegar, and chili.
5. Aaruul: Aaruul is a traditional Mongolian snack made from dried curds of various milk products, such as cow’s milk or yak’s milk. It is often enjoyed as a snack or used in cooking.
6. Tsuivan: Tsuivan is a traditional Mongolian noodle dish made with wide handmade noodles, vegetables, and meat. It is stir-fried and seasoned with various spices and sauces.
7. Guriltai Shul: Guriltai Shul is a rich and hearty Mongolian beef noodle soup. It is made with beef, vegetables, and various herbs and spices, resulting in a flavorful broth.
8. Boortsog: Boortsog is a type of sweet deep-fried pastry that is commonly enjoyed as a snack or with tea. It is made from a simple dough of flour, sugar, and butter.
These are just a few examples of the delicious and unique traditional dishes you can try in Mongolia. When visiting, don’t miss the opportunity to savor the authentic flavors of Mongolian cuisine.
1. Mongolian Wrestling (Bökh): Bökh is a traditional form of wrestling and is considered the national sport of Mongolia. It involves two competitors who try to get each other to touch the ground with any part of their body, except for their feet.
2. Horse Racing: Horse racing is a significant part of Mongolian culture and takes place throughout the country. Races can vary in length and are often held during festivals, such as the Naadam Festival.
3. Archery: Archery has deep historical roots in Mongolian nomadic traditions. During festivals and other events, you can witness skilled archers showcasing their marksmanship.
4. Mongolian Chess (Shatar): Shatar is an ancient form of chess played on a uniquely designed board. The game has simple rules, but it requires strategic thinking and foresight.
5. Anklebone Shooting: Known as “Shagain kharvaa,” this traditional game involves shooting small, carved anklebones (often from sheep or goats) with an arrow. The anklebones are laid on the ground, and participants aim to hit them from a distance.
6. Mongolian Music and Dance: Traditional music and dance performances are an integral part of Mongolian culture. Enjoy the vibrant sounds of throat singing (Khoomei), traditional instruments like the morin khuur (horsehead fiddle), and energetic dances like the “Tsagaan Sar.”
7. Nomadic Activities: Experience the nomadic way of life by participating in daily activities such as herding livestock, milking cows or yaks, and making traditional dairy products like cheese and yogurt.
These traditional games and activities provide a unique insight into Mongolian culture and are a must-try for visitors seeking an authentic cultural experience.