Guam: a tropical paradise in the western Pacific
| Capital |
Hagåtña |
| Time in Guam |
GMT +10 |
| Language spoken |
English and Chamorro |
| Population |
168,485 (Source: World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion |
Roman Catholic (85%)
Other Christian denominations (10%)
Other/None (5%) |
| Currency |
United States Dollar ($, USD) |
| Airports |
Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport |
Guam, a shimmering jewel of the Pacific, offers an enthralling blend of indigenous Chamorro culture, rich history, and pristine natural beauty. As the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, it has been a significant waypoint for Pacific explorers for centuries. While its indigenous Chamorro inhabitants have called it home for millennia, Guam’s strategic location made it a coveted prize for colonial powers. Its timeline reveals tales of Spanish conquest in the 16th century, followed by periods of Japanese and American dominion. Today, as an unincorporated U.S. territory, Guam beautifully juxtaposes modern American influences with deeply rooted Chamorro traditions. The island is adorned with breathtaking coral reefs, crystal-clear waters, and remnants of ancient villages. Its tumultuous past is evident in historical sites, and stories of World War II battles fought on its shores. Guam’s spirit, however, remains indomitable, perpetuated through its hospitable locals, vibrant cultural festivals, and a culinary scene that’s an exquisite fusion of its diverse influences.
Where is Guam located?
Guam is located in the western Pacific Ocean, approximately 3,300 miles southeast of mainland Japan and 1,500 miles south of South Korea. It is situated in the region known as Micronesia, surrounded by the Philippine Sea to the east, the Mariana Trench to the west, and the Pacific Ocean to the south and north.
What is Guam famous for?
Guam is famous for its stunning white-sand beaches, clear blue waters, and vibrant coral reefs. The island is a haven for water sports enthusiasts, offering activities such as snorkeling, scuba diving, and kayaking. Additionally, Guam is renowned for its rich Chamorro heritage and ancient archaeological sites, including the ancient latte stone pillars which are a symbol of the island’s indigenous culture.
History
Ancient Chamorro: c. 2000 BC – 1521 AD
Guam’s earliest inhabitants, the Chamorros, are believed to have settled on the island as early as 2000 BC. Originating from Southeast Asia, these seafaring people established a vibrant society, with latte stones serving as foundational pillars for their homes. They were skilled navigators and fishermen. The Chamorro society was matrilineal, and they developed a complex social structure with distinct classes and clan affiliations.
Spanish Colonization: 1521 AD – 1898 AD
The first European contact with Guam was made by Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer, in 1521 while he was on his circumnavigation of the globe under the Spanish flag. Over a century later, in 1668, the Spanish began their colonization, led by Jesuit missionaries. The Chamorros initially resisted the Spanish rule, leading to conflicts. The colonization process led to a significant decrease in the Chamorro population, mainly due to diseases introduced by the Europeans. Over time, the Chamorros adopted many aspects of Spanish culture, especially Roman Catholicism, which remains the predominant religion on the island.
American Acquisition: 1898 AD – 1941 AD
Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, Guam was ceded to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris. The island became a strategic refueling and communication station for the U.S. Navy. During this period, the Chamorros experienced an Americanization process, with English becoming an official language and American education systems being introduced.
World War II and Japanese Occupation: 1941 AD – 1944 AD
Hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by Japanese forces. For the next two and a half years, the people of Guam endured a harsh occupation, facing forced labor, forced marches, and other atrocities. The island was liberated by the U.S. forces in 1944 after a bloody battle known as the Battle of Guam.
Post-War Era to Present: 1944 AD – Present
After its liberation, Guam underwent significant reconstruction. The U.S. military established bases on the island, which played crucial roles during the Korean and Vietnam Wars. The Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated territory of the United States, granting U.S. citizenship to its residents and providing them with a civilian government. Since then, Guam has grown as a tourist destination, with its stunning beaches and unique Chamorro culture attracting visitors worldwide. The island continues to maintain its strategic importance, serving as a pivotal point for U.S. military operations in the Asia-Pacific region.
Visit Guam
What to see and do in Guam
When visiting Guam, there are plenty of attractions and activities to enjoy. Here are some of the highlights:
- Explore the capital city of Hagåtña, which offers a range of historical landmarks and cultural sites, including the Dulce Nombre de María Cathedral-Basilica and the Plaza de España.
- Visit the War in the Pacific National Historic Park, which commemorates Guam’s role in World War II and features various historical sites and exhibits.
- Relax on the stunning beaches of Tumon Bay, known for their crystal-clear waters and white sand.
- Go snorkeling or diving in Guam’s vibrant coral reefs, teeming with marine life.
- Experience the unique Chamorro culture by attending traditional events and festivals, such as the annual Guam Liberation Day celebration in July.
Events in Guam
Guam (USA) hosts a variety of events throughout the year. One of the most significant events is the Guam Liberation Day celebration, which takes place every July to commemorate the island’s liberation from Japanese occupation during World War II. The festivities include parades, live performances, traditional dances, and fireworks.
Best time to visit Guam
The best time to visit Guam is during the dry season, which runs from December to June. This period offers sunny weather, calm seas, and fewer chances of rainfall. The average temperatures range from 75°F (24°C) to 86°F (30°C), providing ideal conditions for outdoor activities such as beach visits, snorkeling, and hiking.
Is Guam worth visiting?
Guam is definitely worth visiting for travelers seeking a unique blend of natural beauty, history, and culture. The island offers stunning beaches, lush tropical landscapes, and vibrant coral reefs for outdoor enthusiasts. Additionally, Guam’s rich history, influenced by its Chamorro, Filipino, and American heritage, provides numerous opportunities for cultural immersion. Whether exploring historical sites, enjoying water sports, or experiencing traditional festivals, Guam has something to offer for every type of traveler.
Common questions
What are the popular tourist attractions in Guam?
Guam offers a wide range of popular tourist attractions. Here are some of the must-visit places:
- Tumon Bay: Known for its beautiful white sand beaches, Tumon Bay is a popular destination for swimming, snorkeling, and water sports.
- Two Lovers Point: This iconic cliff-top lookout offers breathtaking panoramic views of the ocean and is a popular spot for romantic sunset views.
- Chamorro Village: A vibrant market showcasing the local culture, Chamorro Village is a great place to explore traditional crafts, taste local cuisine, and enjoy entertainment.
- War in the Pacific National Historical Park: This park preserves historic sites from World War II, including memorials, trenches, and gun emplacements.
- Guam Museum: Learn about Guam’s rich history and culture through fascinating exhibits and interactive displays at the Guam Museum.
- Cocos Island: A small, uninhabited island with pristine beaches and excellent snorkeling opportunities.
What is Guam known for?
Known for its stunning beaches, crystal-clear waters, and rich cultural heritage, Guam is a tropical paradise in the western Pacific. Some of the things Guam is known for are:
- Beaches: Guam boasts beautiful beaches with pristine white sands and turquoise waters, perfect for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports.
- Chamorro Culture: The Chamorro people are the indigenous inhabitants of Guam, and their culture is rich in traditions, music, dance, and cuisine.
- World War II History: Guam played a significant role in World War II, and remnants of the war can be explored at the various historical sites and museums on the island.
- Diving and Snorkeling: The waters surrounding Guam are teeming with colorful marine life, making it a popular destination for diving and snorkeling enthusiasts.
- Luxury Resorts: Guam offers a range of luxury resorts that provide world-class accommodations, dining, and entertainment options.
- Shopping: The island is a haven for shoppers, with numerous high-end shopping centers and duty-free outlets offering a wide variety of products.
What is the weather like in Guam?
Guam has a tropical climate, characterized by warm weather and high humidity throughout the year. Here are some details about the weather in Guam:
- Temperature: The average temperature in Guam ranges from 75°F (24°C) to 86°F (30°C) with little seasonal variation.
- Rainfall: Guam experiences a wet and dry season. The wet season typically lasts from July to December, with increased rainfall and occasional typhoons. The dry season, from January to June, tends to have less rainfall.
- Humidity: Due to its tropical location, Guam maintains high humidity levels, averaging around 80% throughout the year.
- Trade Winds: Guam benefits from trade winds that provide a cooling breeze, making the temperatures more comfortable even on hot days.
What are some traditional dishes to try in Guam?
Guam offers a unique blend of flavors influenced by Chamorro, Filipino, and other Asian cuisines. Some traditional dishes to try in Guam include:
- Kelaguen: A popular Chamorro dish made with grilled and finely chopped meat or seafood marinated in lemon juice, coconut, and spices.
- Red Rice: A staple in Chamorro cuisine, red rice is cooked with achote seeds, giving it a vibrant color and a slightly nutty flavor.
- Chicken Kelaguen: Similar to regular kelaguen, but made with chicken instead of seafood or meat.
- Chamorro Barbecue: Grilled meat marinated in a sweet and savory sauce, often served with finadene, a soy sauce-based condiment.
- Tinala Katne: Dried and smoked beef that is often stir-fried with onions, garlic, and soy sauce.
- Coconut Candy: A sweet treat made with grated coconut, sugar, and condensed milk.
What are the best outdoor activities in Guam?
Guam offers a variety of outdoor activities for adventure seekers and nature lovers. Some of the best outdoor activities in Guam are:
- Snorkeling and Diving: Explore Guam’s vibrant underwater world, teeming with coral reefs, colorful fish, and other marine life.
- Hiking: Discover scenic trails and enjoy breathtaking views while hiking through Guam’s lush jungles and coastal cliffs.
- Water Sports: Try exciting water sports such as jet-skiing, parasailing, paddleboarding, and kayaking in Guam’s crystal-clear waters.
- Fishing: Enjoy deep-sea fishing or reef fishing, where you can catch a variety of fish species, including marlin, tuna, and barracuda.
- Zip-lining: Experience an adrenaline rush while zip-lining through the jungle and enjoying spectacular views from above.
- Golfing: Play a round of golf on one of Guam’s stunning golf courses, offering scenic backdrops and challenging fairways.
What are the top shopping destinations in Guam?
Guam is a renowned shopping destination with a wide range of options for retail therapy. Some of the top shopping destinations in Guam include:
- T Galleria by DFS: This upscale shopping center offers a wide selection of luxury brands, designer fashion, cosmetics, and duty-free shopping.
- Micronesia Mall: The largest shopping mall in the Western Pacific, Micronesia Mall features a variety of stores, restaurants, and entertainment options.
- Guam Premier Outlets: A popular outlet mall that offers discounts on top brands, including fashion, accessories, electronics, and more.
- Chamorro Village Night Market: Visit this bustling market for locally made crafts, traditional food, live performances, and a vibrant night market atmosphere.
- Agana Shopping Center: Located in the capital city, Agana Shopping Center offers a mix of local and international shops, dining, and entertainment.
- JP Superstore: A one-stop-shop for groceries, household items, clothing, and more, offering a wide range of products catering to residents and tourists alike.
What are the top historical sites to visit in Guam?
Guam has a rich history, and there are several historical sites that offer a glimpse into the island’s past. Some of the top historical sites to visit in Guam include:
- War in the Pacific National Historical Park: This park preserves the remains of World War II historical sites, including war memorials, artillery bunkers, and underground command posts.
- Latte Stone Park: Explore ancient Chamorro stone pillars known as latte stones, which were used as supports for traditional thatched houses.
- Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad: Once a Spanish fort, it now houses Fort Santa Agueda Museum, showcasing Guam’s Spanish colonial history.
- Asan Beach Park: This park was the site of a significant battle during World War II and offers memorial plaques and stunning views of the ocean.
- Plaza de España: Located in Hagatna, this historic plaza features remnants of Spanish colonial architecture, including the Almacen de Diego.
- Jeff’s Pirates Cove: An iconic beachside venue that served as an outpost for Japanese forces during World War II. It now features a museum and serves as a community gathering spot.
What are the popular water activities in Guam?
Guam’s crystal-clear waters offer various water activities for visitors of all ages. Some popular water activities in Guam include:
- Snorkeling: Explore vibrant coral reefs and encounter tropical fish in Guam’s clear waters perfect for snorkeling.
- Scuba Diving: Certified divers can experience the wonders of Guam’s underwater world, including colorful reefs, caves, and shipwrecks.
- Jet-Skiing: Enjoy the thrill of riding a jet ski and skimming across the waves along Guam’s scenic coastline.
- Parasailing: Soar through the skies above Guam while parasailing and enjoy stunning views of the island and ocean.
- Paddleboarding: Try paddleboarding in Guam’s calm lagoons and enjoy a peaceful and relaxing experience on the water.
- Kayaking: Rent a kayak and explore Guam’s coastal areas, mangrove forests, and hidden coves.
What are the best areas for nightlife in Guam?
Guam offers a vibrant nightlife scene with a variety of bars, clubs, and entertainment venues. Some of the best areas for nightlife in Guam include:
- Tumon: Tumon is the main tourist district with a wide range of bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and live entertainment options.
- Agana Bay: The capital city of Hagatna is home to several bars and restaurants where you can enjoy a relaxing evening with beautiful ocean views.
- Pleasure Island: Located in Tumon, Pleasure Island is a popular entertainment complex offering a mix of bars, nightclubs, and live performances.
- Beachfront Bars: Many beachfront hotels in Guam have bars and lounges where you can enjoy a drink while taking in the stunning ocean views.
- Mangilao Night Market: Visit this vibrant night market for local food stalls, live music, and a lively atmosphere.
- Yigo Night Market: Another night market showcasing local food, products, and entertainment, providing a unique cultural experience.
What is the best time to visit Guam?
The best time to visit Guam is during the dry season, which runs from January to June. During this time, you can expect warm and comfortable temperatures with lower chances of rainfall. The dry season is also ideal for outdoor activities, snorkeling, and diving. However, it’s important to note that Guam enjoys pleasant weather year-round, so you can visit any time depending on your preferences and availability.
What are the transportation options in Guam?
Getting around Guam is convenient, and there are several transportation options available for visitors. Some transportation options in Guam include:
- Rental Cars: Renting a car allows you the flexibility to explore Guam at your own pace. There are several car rental agencies available on the island.
- Taxis: Taxis are readily available in Guam, and they can be hailed from hotels, shopping centers, and other popular areas. It’s recommended to negotiate the fare beforehand.
- Public Buses: Guam’s public bus system, known as Guam Regional Transit Authority (GRTA), serves major areas, and the buses are a cost-effective way to get around the island.
- Shuttle Buses: Many hotels and resorts offer shuttle services for their guests to popular attractions, shopping centers, and the airport.
- Tour Packages: Some tour operators offer guided tour packages with transportation included, allowing you to explore Guam’s attractions hassle-free.
- Bicycles: You can also rent bicycles in Guam and enjoy scenic rides along designated cycling routes.
