Greece

Greece: The birthplace of Western civilization.

Capital
Athens

Time in Greece
GMT +2

Language spoken
Greek

Population
10.4 million (Source: World Bank, 2021)

Religion
Eastern Orthodox (90%)
Islam (2%)
Other Christian (3%)
Other (5%)

Currency
Euro (€, EUR)

Airports
Athens International Airport
Thessaloniki Airport “Makedonia”
Heraklion International Airport “Nikos Kazantzakis”
Rhodes International Airport “Diagoras”

Greece, the birthplace of Western civilization, is a country that offers a rich history, stunning landscapes, and endless cultural experiences. Located in southeastern Europe, Greece is known for its ancient ruins, beautiful islands, and delicious cuisine.

Where is Greece located?

Greece is located in southeastern Europe, bordered by Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey. It is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.

What is Greece famous for?

Greece is famous for its ancient history and contributions to Western civilization. It is home to iconic archaeological sites such as the Acropolis in Athens, the ancient city of Delphi, and the ruins of Olympia. Greece is also known for its beautiful islands, including Santorini, Mykonos, and Crete, which attract tourists from around the world with their stunning beaches and picturesque landscapes.

History

Greece is a country with a rich and fascinating history that spans over thousands of years. From the foundation of the city to the present day, Greece has been at the center of numerous significant historical periods. Here, we will explore these different eras and the events that shaped the nation.

Prehistoric Era – 3,000 BCE to 1,100 BCE

The history of Greece dates back to the Prehistoric Era, when the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations flourished. The Minoans, known for their advanced palace complexes in Crete, were a highly developed society with a sophisticated culture. The Mycenaeans, on the other hand, were skilled warriors and were responsible for the construction of impressive fortified cities.

Classical Era – 5th to 4th century BCE

The Classical Era is considered to be the golden age of Greece. It was during this period that the city-states, such as Athens and Sparta, emerged as powerful entities. Athens, known for its democracy and intellectual achievements, became the cultural and intellectual center of Greece. The philosopher Socrates, playwright Sophocles, and historian Herodotus were among the influential figures of this time.

Hellenistic Era – 323 BCE to 31 BCE

After the death of Alexander the Great, Greece came under the reign of his generals. This period, known as the Hellenistic Era, saw a fusion of Greek culture with that of the conquered territories. The city of Alexandria in Egypt became a major center of learning and trade, attracting scholars and travelers from around the world.

Byzantine Empire – 4th century CE to 15th century CE

The Byzantine Empire, with its capital in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), emerged as the successor to the Roman Empire. It was a Christian empire influenced by Roman, Greek, and Eastern traditions. The Byzantine Empire preserved and expanded upon many aspects of the Greek culture, including art, literature, and architecture.

Ottoman Period – 1453 CE to 1821 CE

In 1453, the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople, ending the Byzantine rule. Greece came under Ottoman control and experienced a period of cultural and political oppression. However, the Greek War of Independence in 1821 marked the beginning of the end of Ottoman rule and the emergence of modern Greece.

Modern Greece – 1821 CE to Present

Greece underwent a series of political changes and territorial disputes throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The country faced challenges such as World War I, the Greco-Turkish War, and World War II. In the latter half of the 20th century, Greece transitioned to a democratic republic and became an active member of the European Union.

Visit Greece

What to see and do in Greece

Greece offers a multitude of attractions and activities for visitors to enjoy. Here are some of the must-see and must-do experiences in Greece:

Explore the iconic Acropolis in Athens, including the Parthenon and other ancient ruins.
Visit the ancient city of Delphi, known as the center of the world in Greek mythology.
Relax on the stunning beaches of the Greek islands, such as Santorini, Mykonos, and Crete.
Discover the ancient city of Olympia, the birthplace of the Olympic Games.
Take a boat tour around the breathtaking Meteora monasteries, perched atop towering rock formations.
Experience the vibrant nightlife and entertainment in Athens and Thessaloniki.
Taste delicious Greek cuisine, including moussaka, souvlaki, and baklava.
Go hiking in the scenic landscapes of Mount Olympus or the Samaria Gorge.
Visit the historical sites of Epidaurus, Mycenae, and Knossos to immerse yourself in ancient Greek history.

Events in Greece

Greece hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, offering visitors a glimpse into its rich cultural heritage. Some notable events in Greece include the following:

The Athens Epidaurus Festival: This is a summer arts festival that features theater, music, and dance performances in ancient theaters.
The Carnival of Patras: One of the biggest carnivals in Europe, it includes parades, parties, and masquerade competitions.
The Thessaloniki International Film Festival: A major event in the film industry, showcasing international and Greek films.
The Nafplio Festival: Celebrated in the picturesque town of Nafplio, it includes music concerts and theatrical performances.
The Ochi Day Parade: Held on October 28th, this parade commemorates Greece’s refusal to surrender to the Axis powers during World War II.

Best time to visit Greece

The best time to visit Greece is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) months when the weather is pleasant, and the tourist crowds are not as overwhelming. These seasons offer comfortable temperatures for exploring historical sites, lounging on the beaches, and participating in outdoor activities. Summer (July and August) is the peak tourist season, with hot weather and crowded attractions, especially in popular island destinations. Winter (November to March) is the off-peak season, and some tourist sites and services may have reduced operating hours. However, this period can be ideal for travelers who prefer a quieter and more affordable experience.

Is Greece worth visiting?

Greece is definitely worth visiting for anyone interested in history, culture, and natural beauty. The country’s historical significance cannot be overstated, as it was the birthplace of democracy, philosophy, and the Olympic Games. The ancient ruins, such as the Acropolis and Delphi, are awe-inspiring and provide a unique opportunity to walk in the footsteps of ancient Greeks.

Additionally, Greece’s picturesque islands offer stunning beaches, azure waters, and charming villages that attract travelers from around the world. The Greek cuisine is also a highlight, with its delicious flavors and fresh ingredients.

However, it’s important to note that Greece can be crowded during the peak tourist season, and popular destinations may be overrun with visitors. The economic crisis of recent years has also affected certain aspects of the country’s infrastructure and services. Nonetheless, with proper planning and research, travelers can have a fantastic experience exploring Greece’s rich history, enjoying its natural wonders, and immersing themselves in its vibrant culture.

Common questions

What are the best attractions in Greece?

Greece is filled with amazing attractions that cater to different interests and preferences. Some of the top attractions include the Acropolis of Athens, Santorini’s stunning beaches and picturesque villages, the ancient city of Delphi, the monasteries of Meteora, the Palace of Knossos in Crete, the ruins of Ancient Olympia, and the vibrant city of Thessaloniki.

Where are the best beaches in Greece?

Greece is renowned for its beautiful beaches. Some of the best beaches in the country include Navagio Beach in Zakynthos, Elafonisi Beach in Crete, Balos Beach in Chania, Myrtos Beach in Kefalonia, Porto Katsiki Beach in Lefkada, and Koukounaries Beach in Skiathos. You can also find stunning beaches in Santorini, Paros, Naxos, and Rhodes, among other islands.

What are the most beautiful islands in Greece?

Greece boasts numerous breathtaking islands. Santorini is known for its iconic white-washed buildings and mesmerizing sunsets. Mykonos offers a vibrant nightlife scene and stunning beaches. Crete is the largest Greek island and is renowned for its diverse landscapes and rich history. Other beautiful islands include Rhodes, Corfu, Naxos, Paros, Zakynthos, and Skiathos, each with its own unique charm.

What is the weather like in Greece?

Greece has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The weather can vary depending on the region and the time of year. Summers (June to August) are generally hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F). Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are milder, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Winter (December to February) is cooler, with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F).

What is the best time to visit Greece?

The best time to visit Greece depends on your preferences and the activities you plan to do. The peak tourist season is during the summer months of June to August, when the weather is hot and the beaches are bustling. However, if you prefer milder temperatures and fewer crowds, consider visiting in spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November). These seasons offer pleasant weather for exploring historical sites and hiking, as well as lower hotel rates. Winter (December to February) is ideal for skiing in the mountains.

What are some traditional Greek dishes to try?

Greek cuisine is known for its delicious flavors and fresh ingredients. Some traditional Greek dishes to try include moussaka (a layered dish with eggplant, minced meat, and béchamel sauce), souvlaki (grilled meat skewers), spanakopita (spinach and feta cheese pie), tzatziki (yogurt and cucumber dip), dolmades (stuffed vine leaves), baklava (a sweet pastry with nuts and honey), and Greek salad (with tomatoes, cucumbers, feta cheese, olives, and olive oil). These dishes offer a taste of Greece’s culinary heritage.

What are the best activities to do in Greece?

Greece offers a wide range of activities for all types of travelers. You can explore ancient ruins, such as the Acropolis of Athens and the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. Enjoy water sports and sunbathing on the beautiful beaches of the Greek islands. Go hiking in the stunning landscapes of Crete or the mountains of Zagori. Discover the vibrant nightlife of Mykonos or Thessaloniki. Indulge in wine tasting tours in Santorini or the Peloponnese. Visit traditional villages, monasteries, and museums to immerse yourself in Greek culture and history.

Are credit cards widely accepted in Greece?

Credit cards are widely accepted in most establishments in Greece, especially in tourist areas and larger cities. Visa and Mastercard are the most commonly accepted cards, followed by American Express. However, it’s always a good idea to carry some cash for smaller shops, markets, and rural areas where card payments may not be accepted. Make sure to inform your bank or credit card provider of your travel plans to avoid any issues with card transactions.

What are the transportation options in Greece?

Greece offers various transportation options to explore the country. The most common modes of transportation include domestic flights, ferries, buses, and rental cars. Domestic flights are efficient for covering long distances between major cities and islands. Ferries are a popular way to travel between the Greek islands, with frequent routes connecting the islands and the mainland. Buses are a cost-effective option for getting around within cities and towns. Rental cars provide flexibility and freedom to explore at your own pace, especially in remote areas and rural regions.

What is the local currency in Greece?

The local currency in Greece is the Euro (€). It is widely accepted throughout the country. ATMs are available in cities, towns, and popular tourist areas where you can withdraw Euros. Major credit cards are accepted in most establishments, so you can also use them for payments. It’s always a good idea to have some cash with you for smaller shops, markets, and places where card payments might not be accepted.

What is the official language of Greece?

The official language of Greece is Greek. English is widely spoken in tourist areas, hotels, and larger cities. It’s always helpful to learn a few basic Greek phrases and greetings to enhance your travel experience and interact with locals. Greeks appreciate the effort to learn their language and will often be eager to assist you.

Is Greece safe for tourists?

Greece is generally a safe country for tourists. Like any other travel destination, it’s important to take common-sense precautions and be aware of your surroundings. Keep an eye on your belongings and be cautious of pickpocketing in crowded areas. It’s also advisable to have travel insurance to cover any unforeseen circumstances. Overall, Greece is a welcoming and hospitable country that attracts millions of tourists each year.

Capital	Athens
Time in Greece	GMT +2
Language spoken	Greek
Population	10.4 million (Source: World Bank, 2021)
Religion	Eastern Orthodox (90%) Islam (2%) Other Christian (3%) Other (5%)
Currency	Euro (€, EUR)
Airports	Athens International Airport Thessaloniki Airport “Makedonia” Heraklion International Airport “Nikos Kazantzakis” Rhodes International Airport “Diagoras”