Eswatini: A Jewel in Southern Africa
| Capital |
Mbabane |
| Time in Eswatini |
GMT+2 |
| Language spoken |
Siswati |
| Population |
1,136,334 (World Bank) |
| Religion |
Christianity (94.5%)
Islam (2.5%)
Hinduism (1.2%)
Traditional African Religions (0.6%) |
| Currency |
Swazi lilangeni (SZL) |
| Airports |
King Mswati III International Airport
Matsapha International Airport
Matsapha Airport
Lubombo International Airport
Piggs Peak Airport
Mhlume Airport
Big Bend Airport
Ngomane Airport
Ngwenya Airport
Nkhungwini Airport |
The kingdom of Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a land of rich traditions and captivating landscapes. Tucked away in the southeastern region of Africa, this small but vibrant nation is one of the continent’s few remaining absolute monarchies. Eswatini’s history is deeply intertwined with its culture and traditions, and its people are known for preserving their rich heritage. The nation boasts a lineage that traces back for centuries, with a series of kings and chieftains who have shaped its destiny. Despite its size, Eswatini offers a diverse terrain, from the towering Lebombo Mountains to the lowveld’s lush savannahs. Throughout its history, despite being flanked by larger neighbors, the kingdom has maintained its sovereignty, never succumbing to colonial rule. Today, visitors are drawn to Eswatini for its cultural festivals, wildlife reserves, and warm-hearted people, making it a unique African destination.
Where is Eswatini located?
Eswatini is located in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa to the west and Mozambique to the east. Its central location makes it easily accessible from neighboring countries.
What is Eswatini famous for?
Eswatini is famous for its annual cultural events, including the reed dance ceremony and the Incwala festival. The reed dance, also known as Umhlanga, is a celebration of young women’s chastity and beauty. It is a colorful and vibrant event that attracts visitors from all over the world. The Incwala festival, on the other hand, is a sacred ceremony that marks the beginning of the traditional year. It is a time of thanksgiving, renewal, and spiritual cleansing.
History
Early History – 1750: The Initial Inhabitants
The region now known as Eswatini has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Evidence suggests that hunter-gatherer communities, particularly the San people, were among the region’s earliest inhabitants, leaving behind a rich tapestry of rock art.
1750 – 1840: Rise of the Swazi Kingdom
The mid-18th century witnessed the emergence of the Dlamini dynasty, which played a pivotal role in establishing the Swazi Kingdom. The nation’s formation is attributed to King Ngwane III, who led migrations into the region. His descendants expanded and consolidated the kingdom, setting the foundation for a unified Swazi nation.
1840 – 1902: European Contact and British Control
The 19th century brought increasing European contact, primarily through British and Boer settlers. Initially, the Swazi leaders collaborated with the British to fend off Zulu raids and Boer encroachments. However, as the British Empire expanded its control in southern Africa, Eswatini (then known as Swaziland) became a British protectorate after the Second Boer War.
1902 – 1968: Under British Protectorate
Under British administration, Eswatini saw infrastructural development, albeit under the restrictive policies that came with colonial rule. The Swazi king remained a figurehead, with real power resting in the hands of British administrators. Despite its protectorate status, the Swazi monarchy and traditional structures persisted, maintaining a sense of continuity for its people.
1968 – Present: Independence and Modern Era
Eswatini achieved its independence from Britain on September 6, 1968. King Sobhuza II, who had been on the throne since 1921, played a crucial role in navigating the path to independence. In 1973, he repealed the constitution and consolidated power, a move that marked the start of a monarchy-dominated political system.
His successor, King Mswati III, ascended to the throne in 1986 and has since ruled as Africa’s last absolute monarch. The country, while maintaining many of its traditions, has sought to modernize and address various challenges, including a high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate and economic dependencies.
In 2018, King Mswati III announced the official renaming of the country from Swaziland to Eswatini, which translates to “Land of the Swazis,” reflecting a deeper connection to its heritage and traditions.
Despite its small size, Eswatini remains a nation rich in culture, with the annual Umhlanga or Reed Dance and Incwala ceremonies being significant cultural and traditional events that attract global attention.
Visit Eswatini
What to see and do in Eswatini
Eswatini offers a range of attractions and activities for visitors to explore. Here are some notable highlights:
- Visit the Mantenga Cultural Village to learn about Swazi traditions and customs.
- Explore the Hlane Royal National Park, home to diverse wildlife including white rhinos, hippos, and elephants.
- Experience the natural beauty of Malolotja Nature Reserve, which offers hiking trails, stunning waterfalls, and abundant birdlife.
- Discover the vibrant markets and craft centers in the capital city, Mbabane, where you can purchase traditional artwork and souvenirs.
- Take part in traditional ceremonies and festivals, such as the Umhlanga Reed Dance or the Incwala ceremony.
Events in Eswatini
Eswatini hosts several annual events and festivals that showcase the country’s culture and traditions:
- Reed Dance Ceremony (August/September) – This cultural ceremony is a celebration of chastity and womanhood, with thousands of young Swazi women participating in a colorful procession.
- Incwala Ceremony (December/January) – This important ritual involves the gathering of the nation’s male citizens and the offering of first fruits to the king. It is a time of purification and renewal.
- Sibebe Survivor (April) – An endurance race held annually on Swaziland’s Sibebe Rock, one of the largest granite rock formations in the world.
- International Trade Fair (August) – A showcase of Eswatini’s industries, products, and services, attracting both local and international exhibitors.
Best time to visit Eswatini
The best time to visit Eswatini is during the dry season, which runs from May to October. This period offers pleasant weather with cooler temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities and wildlife spotting. The months of August and September are particularly popular due to the Reed Dance Ceremony, a unique cultural event. However, it’s worth noting that Eswatini can be visited year-round, as each season has its own charm and attractions.
Is Eswatini worth visiting?
Eswatini is definitely worth visiting for travelers seeking a unique cultural experience and an opportunity to explore the natural beauty of southern Africa. The country offers a rich cultural heritage, with vibrant traditions and festivals that provide an insight into the Swazi way of life. From its diverse wildlife to stunning landscapes, Eswatini has much to offer nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. However, it’s important to be aware of the country’s socio-economic challenges and to travel responsibly. Overall, Eswatini is a destination that offers a blend of cultural immersion, wildlife experiences, and stunning scenery.
Common questions
What are the top tourist attractions in Eswatini?
Eswatini, also known as Swaziland, offers a range of exciting tourist attractions. Here are some of the top attractions in Eswatini:
- Hlane Royal National Park: This national park is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, rhinos, and lions. Visitors can go on game drives and guided walks to explore the park.
- Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is known for its beautiful landscapes and diverse wildlife. Visitors can go hiking, horseback riding, or mountain biking to explore the area.
- Ezulwini Valley: This picturesque valley is a popular tourist destination in Eswatini. It is known for its lush greenery, stunning mountain views, and cultural attractions.
- Mbabane: The capital city of Eswatini is worth a visit for its vibrant markets, art galleries, and historical sites.
- Matenga Cultural Village: This cultural village offers visitors a chance to experience Swazi culture and traditions through traditional dance, craft demonstrations, and storytelling.
What is the best time to visit Eswatini?
The best time to visit Eswatini is during the dry season, which typically lasts from May to September. During this time, the weather is mild, and there is less chance of rain. It is also the best time for wildlife viewing as animals tend to gather around water sources. However, it is important to note that Eswatini can be visited year-round, and each season offers unique experiences. The wet season, from October to April, brings lush green landscapes and is a great time for birdwatching and exploring the countryside. It is advisable to check the specific weather conditions and plan accordingly.
What activities can I do in Eswatini?
Eswatini offers a wide range of activities for visitors to enjoy. Here are some popular activities in Eswatini:
- Game drives: Explore the national parks and wildlife reserves on a thrilling game drive to spot elephants, rhinos, lions, and other wildlife.
- Hiking: Eswatini has many beautiful hiking trails that take you through stunning landscapes and offer opportunities for wildlife encounters.
- Horseback riding: Experience the beauty of Eswatini’s countryside on horseback. Guided horseback safaris and trails are available for riders of all skill levels.
- Cultural experiences: Immerse yourself in Swazi culture by visiting cultural villages, attending traditional ceremonies, and learning about the local traditions and crafts.
- Trekking and mountain biking: If you’re an adventure enthusiast, Eswatini offers excellent trekking and mountain biking opportunities in its picturesque mountains and valleys.
What are some traditional dishes to try in Eswatini?
Eswatini offers a variety of traditional dishes that showcase the flavors of the country. Here are some dishes to try:
- Umgxabhiso: A thick porridge made from maize meal that is often served with vegetables, meat, or gravy.
- Sishwala: A thick porridge made from ground corn, often served with beef or beans.
- Inyama emnandi: Grilled meat, usually beef or goat, marinated in a flavorful sauce and served with pap (maize meal).
- Emasi: A sour milk product similar to yogurt, often enjoyed as a refreshing drink or used in cooking.
- Sidvudvu: A mixed vegetable dish made with pumpkin leaves, beans, and other seasonal vegetables.
Are there any cultural festivals in Eswatini?
Yes, Eswatini is known for its vibrant cultural festivals and ceremonies. One of the most famous festivals is the Reed Dance (Umhlanga), which takes place in late August or early September. It is a traditional ceremony where young women present reeds to the queen mother and participate in colorful dances. The Incwala Festival is another significant cultural event that occurs in December or January, marking the beginning of the harvest season. It is a time of thanksgiving and renewal, and Swazi men participate in various rituals and ceremonies. These festivals offer a unique opportunity to experience Swazi culture and traditions.
Is Eswatini a safe country to visit?
Yes, Eswatini is generally considered a safe country to visit. The local people are known for their warm hospitality and friendliness towards tourists. However, it is always advisable to take common safety precautions while traveling, such as avoiding isolated areas at night, keeping an eye on your belongings, and being aware of your surroundings. It is also recommended to check the latest travel advisories before planning your trip and to follow any guidelines provided by local authorities or your embassy.
Can I see wildlife in Eswatini?
Yes, Eswatini is home to several national parks and wildlife reserves where you can experience wildlife encounters. Hlane Royal National Park is one of the best places to see wildlife, including elephants, rhinos, lions, giraffes, and many bird species. Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary also offers opportunities to see wildlife such as impalas, zebras, warthogs, and various bird species. Whether you choose to go on a game drive or a guided walk, you’re likely to spot a diverse range of animals and birds in their natural habitat.
What is the currency used in Eswatini?
The currency used in Eswatini is the Swazi lilangeni (SZL). It is advisable to carry some local currency for small purchases and transactions. However, major credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger establishments. ATMs are available in major cities and towns where you can withdraw cash in the local currency. It is recommended to notify your bank of your travel plans to ensure uninterrupted card usage and to check the currency exchange rates before your trip.
What is the official language of Eswatini?
The official languages of Eswatini are Swazi (siSwati) and English. Swazi is the most widely spoken language by the local population, while English is commonly used in business, government, and tourism. Most people in the tourism industry, such as hotel staff, tour guides, and restaurant employees, are proficient in English. However, it is always helpful to learn a few basic phrases in siSwati to enhance your interactions with the locals and show your appreciation for their culture.
Can I go on a safari in Eswatini?
Yes, you can go on a safari in Eswatini. The national parks and wildlife reserves in Eswatini offer thrilling safari experiences where you can spot a wide variety of wildlife, including elephants, rhinos, lions, giraffes, zebras, and numerous bird species. Game drives are the most common way to explore the parks, with experienced guides leading you through the wilderness and providing insights into the local flora and fauna. It is a great opportunity to observe animals in their natural habitat and learn about their behavior and conservation efforts in Eswatini.
Are there any health concerns in Eswatini?
Like any other travel destination, it is important to be aware of potential health concerns when visiting Eswatini. It is recommended to consult your healthcare provider or a travel medicine specialist at least 4-6 weeks before your trip to discuss any necessary vaccinations or medication. Malaria is a concern in some parts of Eswatini, so it is advisable to take appropriate precautions such as using mosquito repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and sleeping under mosquito nets. It is also essential to drink bottled water or use a water purification method to prevent waterborne diseases. Comprehensive travel health insurance is strongly recommended to cover any unexpected medical expenses during your trip.
What is the local transportation like in Eswatini?
Eswatini has a reliable transportation system that allows tourists to get around easily. Here are some modes of transportation in Eswatini:
- Taxis: Taxis are available in major cities like Mbabane and Manzini. It is advisable to negotiate the fare with the driver before starting the journey.
- Rental cars: Renting a car is a popular option for tourists who want to explore Eswatini at their own pace. Several car rental companies operate in the country.
- Minibuses: Minibuses, known as “kombis,” are a common mode of public transportation in Eswatini. They operate on fixed routes and can be a convenient and affordable way to travel between towns.
- Intercity buses: Inter-city buses connect major towns and cities in Eswatini. They offer comfortable and affordable transportation options for longer distances.
It is important to note that Eswatini follows left-hand driving, and an international driving permit is required if you plan to rent a car.
