Cameroon: A hidden gem in Central Africa.
| Capital |
Yaoundé |
| Time in Cameroon |
GMT+1 |
| Language spoken |
French and English |
| Population |
25,216,267 (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion |
Christianity (69%), Islam (22%), Indigenous beliefs (6%) |
| Currency |
Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Airports |
Douala International Airport
Yaounde Nsimalen International Airport
Garoua International Airport
Maroua-Salak Airport
N’Gaoundere Airport
Bafoussam Airport |
Cameroon, a mesmerizing country in Central Africa, is a true hidden gem waiting to be discovered. With its diverse landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history, Cameroon offers travelers a unique and unforgettable experience. From the lush rainforests of the south to the breathtaking savannas of the north, this country is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
Cameroon is known for its incredible biodiversity, boasting of numerous national parks and reserves that are home to a wide variety of wildlife, including gorillas, chimpanzees, elephants, and rare bird species. The country’s iconic Mount Cameroon, an active volcano and the highest peak in West Africa, attracts climbers from around the world.
With over 250 ethnic groups, Cameroon is a melting pot of cultures and traditions. The blend of French and English influences is reflected in the country’s official languages, making it a truly bilingual nation. The vibrant markets, colorful festivals, and traditional dances showcase the rich cultural heritage of Cameroon.
Where is Cameroon located?
Cameroon is located in Central Africa, bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the southwest.
What is Cameroon famous for?
Cameroon is famous for its incredible natural beauty and diverse wildlife. It is home to some of Africa’s most iconic animals, including the critically endangered Cross River gorillas and the African elephant. The country is also renowned for its football culture, producing talented players who excel on the international stage. Additionally, Cameroon is known for its vibrant music scene, with genres like makossa and bikutsi gaining international recognition.
History
Prehistoric Era to Early Tribes
The history of Cameroon can be traced back to the prehistoric era, where evidence of early human habitation was found in the form of stone tools and other archeological finds. As the years progressed, different ethnic groups began to establish themselves in the region. The Baka (Pygmies) are believed to be among the earliest inhabitants of Cameroon’s rainforests. They thrived as hunter-gatherers, relying on the rich resources of the forest.
15th Century: Portuguese Arrival
In the late 15th century, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to explore Cameroon’s coastline. They named the area “Rio dos Camarões,” which means “River of Prawns,” owing to the abundance of prawns in the Wouri River. This name eventually evolved to become Cameroon. The Portuguese initiated the transatlantic slave trade in the region, profoundly impacting the indigenous populations.
19th Century: Colonial Scramble
The 19th century witnessed the European scramble for Africa. Germany declared a protectorate over Cameroon in 1884, naming it “Kamerun.” German rule brought infrastructural developments, including roads and plantations, but was also marked by harsh treatment of the indigenous people. After Germany’s defeat in World War I, the League of Nations divided Kamerun between the British and the French in 1919. The British took control of the western part, which became known as British Cameroons, while the French took the larger eastern part, called French Cameroun.
1960-1961: Independence and Reunification
In 1960, French Cameroun gained independence from France and was renamed the Republic of Cameroon. A year later, in 1961, the British Cameroons were given the option to join either Nigeria or the Republic of Cameroon. The Northern part of British Cameroons voted to join Nigeria, while the Southern part opted to unite with the Republic of Cameroon, leading to the birth of the Federal Republic of Cameroon.
1972-Present: The Unitary State and Beyond
In 1972, a referendum led to the abolition of the federal system, giving rise to the United Republic of Cameroon. This decision was crucial as it centralized the political system but also ignited tensions between the Anglophone and Francophone regions. Over the years, the country has seen political stability under the leadership of President Paul Biya, who has been in power since 1982. However, his long tenure has also sparked criticisms regarding governance, human rights, and political freedom. In recent years, the Anglophone Crisis has intensified, drawing international attention to the struggles between English-speaking regions and the central government.
Visit Cameroon
What to see and do in Cameroon
Cameroon offers a wealth of attractions for visitors to explore. Here are some of the top things to see and do in the country:
- Visit the Waza National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, giraffes, and more.
- Explore the vibrant city of Douala, the economic capital of Cameroon, known for its bustling markets, lively nightlife, and beautiful waterfront.
- Discover the rich cultural heritage of the Bamileke people in the region of Foumban, known for its traditional craftsmanship and impressive royal palaces.
- Go trekking on Mount Cameroon, the highest peak in West Africa, offering stunning views and an adventurous hiking experience.
- Experience the unique traditions and customs of the Baka pygmies, one of the oldest hunter-gatherer communities in Africa, in the East Region of Cameroon.
- Relax on the beautiful beaches of Limbe, a coastal town known for its black sandy beaches, lush botanical gardens, and the Limbe Wildlife Centre.
Events in Cameroon
Cameroon hosts a variety of events and festivals throughout the year, offering visitors a glimpse into the country’s vibrant culture and traditions. Some of the notable events include:
- The Ngondo Festival, celebrated by the Duala people in Douala, featuring traditional dances, canoe races, and a ceremony to honor the spirits of the water.
- The Garoua Cultural Week, held in Garoua, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Fulbe people through music, dance, and traditional ceremonies.
- The Nguon Festival, celebrated by the Bamileke people in Foumban, featuring colorful parades, traditional dances, and the display of cultural artifacts.
- The Limbe Festival of Arts and Culture, held in Limbe, showcasing various forms of art, including music, dance, painting, and sculpture.
- The Gwanjo Festival, celebrated by the Baka pygmies in the East Region, featuring traditional music, dance, and hunting demonstrations.
Best time to visit Cameroon
The best time to visit Cameroon is during the dry season, which runs from November to February. This time of year offers pleasant weather with lower humidity and less rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor activities and wildlife viewing. It’s important to note that the northern part of the country experiences hotter temperatures compared to the southern coastal areas.
Is Cameroon worth visiting?
Cameroon is definitely worth visiting for travelers who are interested in exploring the diverse cultures, landscapes, and wildlife of Central Africa. The country offers a unique blend of traditional and modern elements, with bustling cities, remote villages, and stunning natural attractions. However, it’s important to be aware of the challenges and potential risks associated with traveling to Cameroon, including political instability, crime, and limited infrastructure in certain areas. It is recommended to research and plan your trip carefully, and to follow any travel advisories or guidelines issued by your government. Overall, Cameroon has a lot to offer adventurous and culture-seeking travelers, but it may not be suitable for all types of tourists.
Common questions
What are the best things to do in Cameroon?
Cameroon offers a diverse range of attractions and activities that cater to different interests. Here are some popular things to do in Cameroon:
- Explore the beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coastline
- Visit the stunning Mount Cameroon, the highest peak in West Africa
- Experience wildlife encounters in national parks such as Waza National Park and Bouba Njida National Park
- Discover the rich cultural heritage of Cameroon by visiting traditional villages and attending cultural festivals
- Go on a safari to see elephants, giraffes, lions, and other wildlife in their natural habitat
- Enjoy water activities like fishing, diving, and snorkeling
- Trek through the dense rainforests and witness the incredible biodiversity
- Marvel at the unique rock formations in the Sahel region
What is the weather like in Cameroon?
Cameroon has a diverse climate due to its geographical location. Generally, the coastal regions experience a tropical climate with high humidity and abundant rainfall. Inland areas have a more temperate climate, while the northern part of the country has a dry Sahelian climate. The best time to visit Cameroon is during the dry season, which typically runs from November to February. However, it’s always a good idea to check the specific weather conditions for the region you plan to visit before your trip.
What are the most famous national parks in Cameroon?
Cameroon is home to several national parks that offer incredible wildlife and natural beauty. Some of the most famous national parks in Cameroon include:
- Waza National Park: Known for its diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, giraffes, and antelopes
- Bouba Njida National Park: A haven for wildlife enthusiasts, with a significant population of elephants
- Korup National Park: One of Africa’s oldest and richest rainforests, with a wide variety of plant and animal species
- Benoue National Park: Famous for its scenic landscapes and diverse wildlife, including hippos, buffalos, and crocodiles
- Boubandjida National Park: A bird-watcher’s paradise, with over 300 bird species
Where can I experience traditional culture in Cameroon?
To experience the traditional culture of Cameroon, you can visit various villages and attend cultural festivals. Some popular destinations for cultural immersion include:
- Foumban: Known for its rich history and traditional crafts such as pottery and weaving
- Bafoussam: A cultural hub of the Bamileke people, with vibrant markets and traditional dances
- Garoua: Explore the traditional Fulani culture and visit local markets
- Bamenda: Discover the unique customs and traditions of the Grassfields region
- Kribi: Experience the coastal traditions and enjoy delicious seafood
What are the popular dishes in Cameroon?
Cameroonian cuisine is known for its diversity and flavors influenced by local ingredients and traditions. Some popular dishes to try in Cameroon include:
- Fufu: A staple made from pounded cassava or plantains, often served with a variety of soups and stews
- Jollof Rice: A flavorful rice dish cooked with tomatoes, peppers, and various spices
- Ndole: A traditional dish made with bitterleaf greens, groundnuts, and meat or fish
- Suya: Grilled skewered meat seasoned with spices and served with a peanut sauce
- Achu: A dish made from pounded cocoyam served with a variety of accompaniments
- Mboh: A spicy fish soup made with okra and served with plantains or fufu
What are the best beaches in Cameroon?
Cameroon boasts beautiful beaches along its Atlantic coastline. Some of the best beaches to visit in Cameroon include:
- Kribi Beach: A popular coastal town with pristine beaches, calm waters, and opportunities for water sports
- Limbe Beach: Known for its black sand and stunning views of Mount Cameroon
- Bafoussam Beach: A secluded beach with breathtaking landscapes and tranquility
- Malabo Beach: Located in the city of Malabo, this beach offers a mix of natural beauty and urban amenities
- Campo Beach: A peaceful beach destination surrounded by lush vegetation and clear waters
What wildlife can I see in Cameroon?
Cameroon is a wildlife lover’s paradise with a rich diversity of species. Some of the wildlife you can see in Cameroon includes:
- Elephants: Cameroon is home to a significant population of elephants
- Lions: Spot these majestic big cats in national parks such as Waza National Park
- Giraffes: Witness these graceful animals in natural habitats like Bénoué National Park
- Buffalos: They can be found in national parks across Cameroon
- Gorillas: Encounter these endangered primates in the dense rainforests of Cameroon
- Chimpanzees: Explore sanctuaries and national parks to observe these intelligent creatures
What is the highest peak in Cameroon?
The highest peak in Cameroon is Mount Cameroon, which stands at an elevation of 4,040 meters (13,255 feet). It is an active volcano and is also considered one of the most accessible and popular trekking destinations in Africa. Climbing Mount Cameroon offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, including tropical rainforests, savannahs, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Where can I go hiking in Cameroon?
Cameroon offers fantastic hiking opportunities, especially in the famous Mount Cameroon region. Apart from climbing Mount Cameroon, you can explore other scenic hiking trails in Cameroon, such as:
- The Mandara Mountains: Located in the Far North region, it offers picturesque trails and stunning views
- Korup National Park: Trek through this rainforest and discover its biodiversity
- Kom National Park: Explore the beautiful landscapes and cultural sites while hiking
- The Ring Road: A scenic route in the Bamenda highlands that offers excellent walking and hiking options
Are there any active volcanoes in Cameroon?
Yes, Cameroon is home to several active volcanoes. The most famous one is Mount Cameroon. It is an active stratovolcano and has erupted several times in the past. In addition to Mount Cameroon, the Barombi Mbo and Manengouba volcanoes are also considered active, although they have not erupted recently. It’s important to check with local authorities and volcanic monitoring centers for any volcano-related safety information before visiting the volcano regions in Cameroon.
What are some traditional crafts in Cameroon?
Cameroon is known for its rich traditional crafts, which are an integral part of the country’s cultural heritage. Some traditional crafts in Cameroon include:
- Pottery: Pottery making is practiced by various ethnic groups, producing unique clay pots, jars, and other vessels
- Wood carving: Skilled artisans carve intricate masks, statues, and figurines out of wood
- Textiles: Traditional fabrics like ndop and kente are woven using intricate patterns and vibrant colors
- Beadwork: Beaded jewelry and accessories are crafted by skilled artisans
What are the traditional music and dances of Cameroon?
Cameroon is known for its vibrant traditional music and dances, which vary across different regions and ethnic groups. Some popular traditional music and dances in Cameroon include:
- Makossa: A popular music genre characterized by lively rhythms and catchy melodies
- Bikutsi: An energetic dance music style accompanied by percussion instruments
- Fulani Music and Dance: Traditional music and dances of the Fulani people, known for their unique vocal styles and melodies
- Bafia Dance: A traditional dance performed by the Bafia people, featuring graceful movements and colorful costumes
- Ashiko Dance: A dance form originated from the Bamileke people, with rhythmic drumming and intricate footwork
