Burundi: The Heartbeat of East Africa.
| Capital |
Bujumbura |
| Time in Burundi |
GMT+2 |
| Language spoken |
Kirundi, French, English |
| Population |
Approximately 11 million (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion |
Christianity (85% – comprising Roman Catholics 62%, Protestants 23%)
Indigenous beliefs (5%)
Islam (5%) |
| Currency |
Burundian franc (FBu, BIF) |
| Airports |
Bujumbura International Airport
Melchior Ndadaye International Airport |
Located in the heart of the African Great Lakes region, Burundi is a small, landlocked nation with a rich tapestry of cultural and natural wonders. Steeped in a history that intertwines with the rise and fall of regional kingdoms, Burundi has faced its share of challenges but has always emerged resilient. The nation’s past is dotted with stories of royal dynasties, European colonization, and its journey to independence in 1962. The Burundian landscape is characterized by its high-altitude plateaus, rolling hills, and the shimmering Lake Tanganyika, the second oldest freshwater lake in the world.
Where is Burundi located?
Nestled in East Africa, Burundi is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and Lake Tanganyika to the west. It’s a landlocked nation known for its scenic highlands and lush landscapes.
What is Burundi famous for?
Burundi is renowned for its vibrant drumming traditions, especially the iconic Royal Drummers of Burundi, and its pristine location on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, teeming with diverse aquatic life.
History
Early Inhabitants and Kingdom Formation (1000 AD – 1500 AD)
The earliest known inhabitants of Burundi were the Twa, a Pygmy hunter-gatherer community. By 1000 AD, the Hutu people, who were predominantly agriculturalists, began to settle the region. They were followed by the Tutsi, a cattle-raising community, in the 14th century. Over time, a distinct hierarchical kingdom of Burundi was established with Tutsi kings (known as “Mwami”) reigning over both Hutu and Twa subjects.
Colonial Era (1890 – 1962)
European exploration of Burundi began in the late 19th century, and by 1890, the region became part of the German East Africa colony. After Germany’s defeat in World War I, the League of Nations mandated the territory to Belgium. Both German and Belgian colonists ruled indirectly through Burundian kings. The colonial era saw significant changes, including the introduction of Christianity, formal education, and administrative reforms. Importantly, the Belgians further entrenched socio-ethnic divisions by issuing identity cards based on ethnic groups.
Path to Independence (1962 – 1966)
Amid a rising wave of African nationalism, Burundi achieved independence on July 1, 1962. The country retained its monarchy with Mwami Mwambutsa IV as the head of state. However, the post-independence period was marked by political instability and ethnic tension. In 1965, an attempted coup by Hutu officers failed, leading to reprisals against the Hutu community.
Eras of Turmoil and Conflict (1966 – 2005)
In 1966, Mwami Mwambutsa IV was deposed by his son, Ntare V, who was subsequently overthrown in a military coup led by Captain Michel Micombero. Micombero abolished the monarchy and declared Burundi a republic. The years that followed saw a series of coups, assassinations, and outbreaks of ethnic violence between the Tutsi-dominated army and Hutu rebel groups. The most devastating of these was the 1993 genocide, triggered by the assassination of the first democratically elected Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye.
Reconciliation and Present Day (2005 – Present)
After years of negotiations, in 2005, the Burundian government and the last remaining Hutu rebel group signed a comprehensive ceasefire, marking the formal end to the civil war. Since then, Burundi has embarked on a path of national reconciliation and reconstruction. The country has faced challenges, including political unrest in 2015 over the president’s third-term bid and ongoing economic difficulties. However, the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 2014 has been a significant step toward addressing historical grievances and building a unified nation.
In the current era, Burundi seeks to harness its vibrant cultural heritage, fertile lands, and youthful population to foster development and lasting peace. International partnerships, regional integration within East Africa, and grassroots initiatives are pivotal as the nation navigates its complex past towards a promising future.
Visit Burundi
What to see and do in Burundi
When visiting Burundi, there are several attractions and activities that should not be missed:
- Explore Bujumbura: The capital city of Burundi offers a mix of cultural, historical, and natural attractions. Visit the Rusizi National Park, the Livingstone-Stanley Monument, and the Burundi Geological Museum.
- Discover Lake Tanganyika: This beautiful freshwater lake offers opportunities for swimming, boating, and fishing. Relax on the sandy beaches or take a boat trip to explore the surrounding islands.
- Visit Gitega: The second largest city in Burundi is known for its colonial architecture and cultural heritage. Explore the Gitega National Museum and the Catholic Cathedral of Christ the King.
- Experience traditional music and dance: Burundi has a rich cultural heritage, and traditional music and dance performances are a must-see. The Intore Dance Troupe is particularly famous for its energetic performances.
- Hike in the Kibira National Park: This tropical rainforest offers fantastic hiking opportunities, with trails leading to waterfalls and panoramic viewpoints. Keep an eye out for the diverse wildlife, including chimpanzees and colobus monkeys.
Events in Burundi
Burundi hosts various events throughout the year, showcasing its cultural traditions and celebrations:
- Umuganura Festival (August): This harvest festival is a celebration of Burundi’s agricultural heritage, with traditional music, dance, and food.
- Independence Day (July 1st): Commemorating Burundi’s independence, this national holiday is marked by parades, patriotic speeches, and cultural performances.
- Intore Dance Festival (November): This festival showcases the traditional Intore dance and features performances by different dance troupes from across the country.
Best time to visit Burundi
The best time to visit Burundi is during the dry season, which typically runs from June to September. During this period, the weather is generally mild, with lower chances of rainfall. The dry season is ideal for outdoor activities, such as wildlife viewing, hiking, and exploring the cultural sites of Burundi.
However, it’s important to note that Burundi can be visited throughout the year. The country experiences a tropical climate, with a wet season from October to May. The wet season can bring heavy rainfall, but it also contributes to the lush greenery and vibrant flora of the region.
Is Burundi worth visiting?
Burundi is a destination that offers unique cultural experiences and natural beauty. The country has a rich history and heritage, with opportunities to explore ancient traditions, traditional music, and dance forms. The natural landscapes, including Lake Tanganyika and the Kibira National Park, provide stunning scenery and opportunities for outdoor activities.
However, it’s important to note that Burundi has faced political instability and occasional security concerns in the past. It is advisable for travelers to stay informed about the current situation and follow any travel advisories issued by their respective governments. Additionally, it’s recommended to travel with a reputable tour operator or guide to ensure a safe and rewarding experience in Burundi.
Common questions
What are the top attractions in Burundi?
Burundi is a beautiful country with plenty of attractions to explore. Some of the top attractions include:
- The Kibira National Park: A stunning natural reserve known for its diverse wildlife and lush greenery.
- Bujumbura Waterfront: A vibrant lakefront area with restaurants, bars, and stunning views of Lake Tanganyika.
- The Livingstone-Stanley Monument: A historical monument that commemorates the meeting of explorers David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley.
- The Rusizi National Park: A scenic park where you can spot hippos, crocodiles, and a variety of bird species along the Rusizi River.
- Mount Heha: The highest mountain in Burundi, offering hiking and breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
What is the traditional food in Burundi?
The traditional food in Burundi is primarily based on staples like maize, sorghum, and beans. One popular dish is called ‘isombe’, which is made of cassava leaves, spinach, and eggplant. ‘Ikinyiga’ is another traditional dish made with mashed cassava leaves, peanuts, and spinach. ‘Ugali’ is a common dish made from maize flour, similar to the ‘fufu’ in other African countries. When in Burundi, make sure to try these traditional dishes to get a taste of the local cuisine.
What is the currency used in Burundi?
The official currency used in Burundi is the Burundian Franc (BIF). It is advisable to exchange your currency for Burundian Francs before your trip. While some establishments may accept major international currencies, it is recommended to have local currency for convenience during your stay in Burundi. Currency exchange services are available at banks and authorized exchange bureaus.
What is the weather like in Burundi?
Burundi has a tropical climate, with temperatures averaging between 20°C (68°F) and 27°C (81°F) throughout the year. The country experiences two rainy seasons, from February to May and from September to November. The dry seasons are from June to August and December to January. It is advisable to check the weather forecast before your trip and pack accordingly.
Is it safe to travel to Burundi?
Travelers should exercise caution and regularly check travel advisories before visiting Burundi. While most visits to Burundi are trouble-free, it is important to stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings. It is recommended to avoid political gatherings and public demonstrations and follow the guidance of local authorities. It is also advisable to register with your embassy or consulate before traveling to Burundi.
What are the languages spoken in Burundi?
Burundi has three official languages: Kirundi, French, and English. Kirundi is the most widely spoken language and serves as the national language. French is used in government, administration, and education, while English is gaining popularity, especially among the younger generation and in business circles. Learning a few basic phrases in Kirundi or French can greatly enhance your experience when interacting with the locals.
What is the best time to visit Burundi?
The best time to visit Burundi is during the dry seasons, from June to August and December to January. This is when the weather is relatively cooler and there is less rainfall, making it easier to explore the attractions and engage in outdoor activities. However, Burundi can be visited year-round, as the tropical climate ensures that it is lush and green throughout the year.
What are some cultural customs in Burundi?
Burundi has a rich cultural heritage, and it is important to respect and observe local customs and traditions. Here are some cultural customs to be aware of:
- Greetings: Burundians place importance on greetings and it is customary to greet people when you meet them. A simple “hello” or “good morning” in Kirundi or French is appreciated.
- Respect for elders: Burundian culture highly values respect for elders. It is polite to show deference to older individuals and seek their advice.
- Gift giving: Offering small gifts when visiting someone’s home is a common practice in Burundi. It is a gesture of goodwill and appreciation.
- Dressing modestly: Burundians generally dress modestly, and it is respectful to do the same when visiting religious sites or attending social events.
What are some outdoor activities to do in Burundi?
Burundi offers a range of outdoor activities for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Some popular outdoor activities include:
- Hiking: Explore the beautiful landscapes of Burundi by hiking through the Kibira National Park or climbing Mount Heha, the highest mountain in the country.
- Boat trips: Take a boat trip on Lake Tanganyika and enjoy the stunning views of the surrounding scenery. You can also visit nearby islands and go fishing.
- Water sports: Engage in various water sports such as kayaking, snorkeling, and swimming in the crystal-clear waters of Lake Tanganyika.
- Wildlife spotting: Visit the Rusizi National Park and go on a safari to spot hippos, crocodiles, and a variety of bird species.
- Bike tours: Explore the city of Bujumbura and its surroundings on a bike tour, taking in the sights and sounds of the bustling streets and scenic landscapes.
What are some popular souvenirs to buy in Burundi?
If you’re looking for souvenirs to take back home from Burundi, here are some popular choices:
- Imigongo art: Imigongo is a traditional art form in Burundi that involves painting geometric patterns using cow dung mixed with natural pigments. It is a unique and symbolic art form that makes for a great souvenir.
- Batik fabrics: Burundi is known for its vibrant and colorful batik fabrics. These fabrics are hand-dyed using a wax-resist technique and can be used for clothing, home decor, or framing as artwork.
- Crafts and jewelry: Burundi is home to skilled artisans who create beautiful crafts and jewelry. Look out for wooden sculptures, woven baskets, and beaded jewelry.
- Coffee: Burundi is known for its excellent coffee beans. Consider purchasing locally grown and roasted coffee to enjoy the unique flavors back home.
- Traditional instruments: If you have an interest in music, you can find traditional Burundian instruments like drums, rattles, and thumb pianos as souvenirs.
What are some traditional festivals or events in Burundi?
Burundi celebrates several traditional festivals and events throughout the year, providing a glimpse into the rich culture and heritage of the country. Some notable festivals and events include:
- Umuganura Festival: This harvest festival is celebrated in August and is a time for giving thanks for the bounty of the land. It features traditional dances, music, storytelling, and food.
- Independence Day: Celebrated on July 1st, Independence Day commemorates Burundi’s independence from Belgium. It is marked with parades, fireworks, cultural performances, and sporting events.
- Kwibohora: Celebrated on July 1st, Kwibohora marks the anniversary of the end of the Burundian Civil War. It is a day of national pride and unity, with ceremonies, speeches, and cultural displays.
- Intore Dance Festival: Held annually, the Intore Dance Festival showcases traditional Burundian dance and music. It brings together performers from different regions of Burundi and is a vibrant celebration of the country’s cultural heritage.
