Belgium: A Land of Medieval Charm
| Capital |
Brussels |
| Time in Belgium |
GMT+1 |
| Language spoken |
Dutch, French, German |
| Population |
11.46 million (World Bank, 2021) |
| Religion |
Catholicism (51.3%)
Protestantism (2.1%)
Islam (7.6%)
Others (5.9%) |
| Currency |
Euro (€, EUR) |
| Airports |
Brussels Airport
Antwerp International Airport
Charleroi Airport |
Belgium: A Land of Medieval Charm, is a travel destination that takes you back in time. With its beautifully preserved medieval towns, enchanting castles, and rich history, Belgium is a hidden gem in the heart of Europe. Nestled between France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, Belgium offers a unique blend of cultural influences and stunning architecture.
Where is Belgium located?
Belgium is located in Western Europe. It shares borders with France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.
What is Belgium famous for?
Belgium is famous for its mouthwatering chocolates, delicious waffles, and refreshing beers. The country is also renowned for its intricate lacework and vibrant festivals, such as the colorful Carnaval de Binche and the awe-inspiring Procession of the Holy Blood. Additionally, Belgium is home to world-class comic book art and the iconic Atomium, a symbol of the 1958 Brussels World Expo.
History
The history of Belgium begins with the earliest human settlements in the region, dating back to the Paleolithic era. Throughout its history, Belgium has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Roman Empire, the Frankish Empire, and the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs. Belgium emerged as an independent country in 1830 and played a crucial role in shaping European history in the 20th century.
Prehistoric Times – c. 1st century BC
The earliest traces of human habitation in the region now known as Belgium date back to the Paleolithic era, with evidence of prehistoric settlements and cave art. During the Roman era, the area was inhabited by Celtic tribes and later incorporated into the Roman Empire as part of the province of Gallia Belgica.
Medieval Period – 5th to 15th century
Belgium’s medieval history saw the rise of powerful feudal lords, the establishment of trade routes, and the flourishing of vibrant towns. The region became a patchwork of duchies, counties, and independent cities, including Brussels, Bruges, and Ghent, which played pivotal roles in the European trade network.
Burgundian and Habsburg Rule – 15th to 18th century
The Burgundian and Habsburg dynasties exerted control over Belgium during this period. The marriage of Mary of Burgundy to Maximilian I of Austria brought the region under Habsburg rule. This era marked a period of cultural and artistic blossoming, with the famous painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder hailing from this time.
Spanish and Austrian Netherlands – 16th to 18th century
Belgium’s history took a turn when it came under Spanish rule and later became part of the Austrian Netherlands. The region witnessed religious strife during the Reformation and Eighty Years’ War. Eventually, the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ceded parts of modern-day Belgium to Austria.
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Period – Late 18th to early 19th century
Belgium faced the turbulent times of the French Revolution and subsequent Napoleonic rule. It was incorporated into France as the département of the Jemappes. However, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 led to the creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, including present-day Belgium.
Belgium’s Independence – 1830
Belgium’s quest for independence culminated in the Belgian Revolution of 1830. The nation declared its sovereignty and adopted a constitutional monarchy, with Leopold I as its first king. This marked the birth of the modern Belgian state, characterized by linguistic and regional diversity.
World Wars and Post-War Era – 20th century
Belgium played a significant role in both World Wars, witnessing battles and occupations. The aftermath of World War II saw the country as a founding member of the European Union and NATO, contributing to peace and prosperity in post-war Europe.
Contemporary Belgium – Present Day
Modern-day Belgium stands as a vibrant, multicultural nation, known for its distinct regions, including Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels. It is celebrated for its rich cultural heritage, culinary delights, and contributions to international diplomacy.
Visit Belgium
What to see and do in Belgium.
Belgium offers a rich cultural heritage and diverse attractions for visitors to explore. Some of the must-see destinations include:
- Brussels: The capital city is home to stunning architecture, including the iconic Atomium and the Grand Place. Visitors can also indulge in delicious Belgian chocolates and sample the famous Belgian beers.
- Bruges: Known as the “Venice of the North,” Bruges is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with its medieval city center, picturesque canals, and charming cobbled streets.
- Ghent: With its medieval architecture and vibrant cultural scene, Ghent offers a perfect blend of history and contemporary attractions. Highlights include the Ghent Altarpiece and the Saint Bavo’s Cathedral.
- Ardennes: Nature lovers will enjoy exploring the picturesque landscapes of the Ardennes region, known for its dense forests, rolling hills, and charming villages.
- Antwerp: Famous for its diamond trade, Antwerp has a thriving fashion and arts scene. Visitors can admire the Antwerp Cathedral and explore the trendy fashion boutiques and art galleries.
Events in Belgium
Belgium hosts a variety of events and festivals throughout the year. Some notable events include:
- The Carnival of Binche: This UNESCO-listed event takes place in Binche and features vibrant parades, colorful costumes, and traditional dances. It is celebrated in February.
- Tomorrowland Music Festival: Known worldwide for its electronic music acts, Tomorrowland attracts music enthusiasts from across the globe. The festival takes place in July.
- The Ghent Festival: This 10-day cultural extravaganza includes music, theater, street performances, and culinary delights. It is held in July.
- Christmas Markets: Belgium is famous for its enchanting Christmas markets, offering festive decorations, local handicrafts, and delicious treats. They are held throughout December.
Best time to visit Belgium
The best time to visit Belgium is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) months. The weather is generally mild, and the tourist crowds are smaller compared to the summer season. Springtime in Belgium brings blooming flowers and vibrant colors, while autumn offers picturesque scenes with falling leaves and harvest festivals. It’s also worth considering visiting during winter if you want to experience the magical Christmas markets and festivities.
Is Belgium worth visiting?
Belgium is definitely worth visiting for its rich history, cultural heritage, and delightful attractions. The country offers a unique blend of medieval charm and modern sophistication. From the stunning architecture of Brussels to the fairytale-like landscapes of Bruges and the vibrant cultural scene of Ghent, Belgium has something for every traveler. The delicious Belgian cuisine, including chocolates, waffles, and beers, is a treat for the taste buds. However, it’s important to note that personal preferences may vary, and some travelers might find other destinations more appealing. Ultimately, the decision to visit Belgium depends on individual interests and preferences.
Common questions
What are the must-visit attractions in Belgium?
Belgium is home to several must-visit attractions. Some of the top attractions include the historic city of Bruges, known for its charming canals and medieval architecture; the capital city of Brussels, which is famous for its Grand Place and the iconic Atomium; Ghent, a vibrant city with stunning medieval architecture and a lively atmosphere; Antwerp, known for its fashion and diamond industries; and the picturesque Ardennes region, perfect for outdoor activities and nature exploration.
What are the best cities to visit in Belgium?
Belgium has many beautiful cities worth visiting. Some of the best cities to explore in Belgium include Bruges, with its medieval architecture and romantic canals; Brussels, the vibrant capital city with its rich history and delicious cuisine; Ghent, a charming city famous for its medieval center and lively student population; Antwerp, known for its fashion, art, and diamond industries; and Leuven, a historic university town with stunning Gothic architecture and a lively atmosphere.
What are some famous landmarks in Belgium?
Belgium is home to several famous landmarks that attract visitors from all over the world. Some of the most iconic landmarks include the Atomium in Brussels, a symbol of modern architecture; the Grand Place in Brussels, a stunning square surrounded by beautiful buildings; the Manneken Pis statue in Brussels, a small statue of a peeing boy that has become a symbol of the city; the Belfry of Bruges, a medieval bell tower with panoramic views of the city; and the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels, a magnificent Gothic cathedral.
What are the best museums to visit in Belgium?
Belgium is known for its rich cultural heritage, and it offers a wide range of fascinating museums. Some of the best museums to visit in Belgium include the Hergé Museum in Louvain-la-Neuve, dedicated to the life and work of the famous Belgian comic book artist Hergé; the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, which house an impressive collection of artworks from various periods; the Museum aan de Stroom (MAS) in Antwerp, an impressive museum focused on the city’s history and culture; the Groeningemuseum in Bruges, known for its collection of Flemish Primitive paintings; and the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren, which showcases the country’s colonial past.
What are some traditional dishes to try in Belgium?
Belgian cuisine is famous for its hearty and flavorful dishes. Some traditional dishes you must try in Belgium include moules-frites, which is a dish of steamed mussels served with crispy fries; stoemp, a dish made of mashed potatoes combined with vegetables such as carrots, onions, and leeks; carbonade flamande, a rich beef and beer stew; waterzooi, a creamy chicken or fish stew; and waffles, both the Brussels and Liège varieties, which are deliciously sweet and perfect as a snack or dessert. Don’t forget to pair these dishes with a local Belgian beer for a truly authentic experience.
What are the best beer breweries to visit in Belgium?
Belgium is renowned for its beer culture, and there are many breweries worth visiting. Some of the best beer breweries in Belgium include Duvel Moortgat Brewery in Puurs, known for its strong and hoppy beers; Westvleteren Brewery in Westvleteren, which produces the highly sought-after Westvleteren Trappist beers; Cantillon Brewery in Brussels, where you can taste traditional lambic beers; Rochefort Brewery in Rochefort, known for its Trappist beers brewed by monks; and Brasserie Dubuisson in Pipaix, which has been brewing beer since 1769 and offers guided tours and tastings.
What are some popular festivals in Belgium?
Belgium is renowned for its lively festivals, offering a glimpse into the country’s vibrant culture. Some popular festivals in Belgium include Tomorrowland, one of the world’s largest electronic music festivals held in Boom; the Gentse Feesten in Ghent, a 10-day cultural festival with music, theater, and street performances; the Ommegang, a historical procession in Brussels commemorating the arrival of Emperor Charles V; the Carnaval de Binche, a UNESCO-listed carnival in Binche known for its Gilles, who wear colorful costumes and wooden masks; and the Christmas markets held in various cities, including Brussels, Bruges, and Ghent, where you can enjoy the festive atmosphere and shop for unique gifts.
What are the best outdoor activities to do in Belgium?
Belgium offers a variety of outdoor activities for nature enthusiasts. Some of the best outdoor activities to enjoy in Belgium include hiking in the Ardennes region, known for its beautiful forests, rivers, and picturesque villages; cycling along the numerous bike trails, such as the Vennbahn or the Flemish Ardennes; kayaking or canoeing on the rivers and canals; visiting the coastal towns of Ostend or Knokke-Heist and enjoying a day at the beach; and exploring the beautiful gardens and parks, such as the Royal Greenhouses of Laeken in Brussels or the Sonian Forest near Brussels.
What are the top shopping destinations in Belgium?
Belgium is known for its excellent shopping opportunities, with several cities offering a variety of stores and boutiques. Some of the top shopping destinations in Belgium include Brussels, which offers a diverse range of shopping options, from high-end fashion brands on Avenue Louise to the trendy boutiques in the Dansaert district; Antwerp, known for its fashion scene and the renowned Antwerp Fashion Academy; Bruges, with its charming streets lined with boutiques selling Belgian chocolates, lace, and unique souvenirs; Ghent, which offers a mix of trendy fashion stores and local boutiques; and Maasmechelen Village, a luxury outlet shopping destination located close to the Dutch border.
What are some hidden gems to discover in Belgium?
Belgium is full of hidden gems that offer unique experiences and lesser-known attractions. Some hidden gems to discover in Belgium include the picturesque town of Durbuy, often referred to as the smallest city in the world; the hidden street art in Ghent, where you can explore colorful murals and urban art; Dinant, a charming town nestled along the river Meuse with its imposing Citadel and stunning scenery; the beautiful town of Tournai, known for its UNESCO-listed belfry and impressive Romanesque cathedral; and the Hoge Kempen National Park, a vast natural reserve with forests, heathlands, and unique flora and fauna.
What are the best day trips from Belgium?
Belgium’s central location makes it the perfect base for day trips to neighboring countries and attractions. Some of the best day trips from Belgium include visiting the charming city of Bruges, located just a short train ride away from Brussels; exploring the famous windmills of Kinderdijk in the Netherlands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site; taking a trip to Luxembourg City, the capital of Luxembourg, known for its stunning old town and picturesque setting; visiting the historic city of Maastricht in the Netherlands, famous for its unique blend of Dutch and French architecture; and exploring the beautiful city of Cologne in Germany, home to the iconic Cologne Cathedral and vibrant cultural scene.
What are the best times to visit Belgium?
Belgium can be visited year-round, with each season offering its own unique charm. The best times to visit Belgium are during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild, and the cities are less crowded. Spring is a great time to see the blooming flowers, especially in the famous Keukenhof Gardens in the Netherlands. Summer (July to August) is also a popular time to visit, especially for outdoor activities and festivals. Winter (December to February) can be cold, but it’s a great time to experience the festive Christmas markets and enjoy Belgian specialties like hot chocolate and waffles.
What are the transportation options in Belgium?
Belgium has a well-developed transportation system that makes it easy to explore the country. The most common mode of transportation is the train, which connects major cities and smaller towns. The train network is efficient and reliable, making it a convenient option for traveling within Belgium. Buses are also available, particularly for reaching smaller towns and villages that are not serviced by trains. In the cities, public transportation systems, such as trams and metros, are widely available and provide an excellent way to get around. Taxis are also readily available, but they can be more expensive. Renting a car is another option, especially for exploring more remote areas or for trips outside of Belgium.
